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Pressure Reducing Valves
Municipal water often arrives at the house at a pressure well above what residential plumbing is designed for, especially in the lower parts of a pressure zone and at the bottom of the hills that both Austin and San Antonio are built on. A pressure reducing valve, or PRV, sits on the main line where water enters the home and knocks that pressure down to a steady, safe level. When it works, you never think about it. When it fails, the damage is slow and spread across the whole house.
Too much pressure is why faucets start dripping a year after they were rebuilt, why toilet fill valves fail early, why washing machine hoses burst, why the water heater’s relief valve starts weeping, and why supply connectors let go under sinks. It shortens the life of the dishwasher, the ice maker and the irrigation system. The plumbing code sets a ceiling on residential pressure for exactly these reasons and requires a PRV where the supply exceeds it. A PRV that fails in the other direction, closing down over time, is one of the most common causes of low water pressure in homes built in the last few decades.
Radiant’s licensed plumbers test your pressure with a gauge, adjust or replace the PRV as needed, and install an expansion tank where the closed system requires one to protect the water heater. Hard water shortens a PRV’s life here by scaling its internal parts, so a check every few years is worth it. The annual plumbing safety inspection included in Care Club covers it. Work is backed by the Home Comfort Guarantee.
What to Watch For
High pressure rarely announces itself. These are the ways it shows up.
Water hammer. The washing machine or dishwasher valve closes and the pipes knock. High pressure makes it worse and more damaging.
The T&P valve opens when pressure climbs past its limit. A failed PRV or a missing expansion tank is usually why.
Fill valves, cartridges and washers that wear out far sooner than they should. Pressure is grinding them down.
Washing machine hoses and braided sink connectors are rated for normal pressure. Over that, they fail, usually while you are out.
A short blast when a tap opens, then settling. The PRV is sticking or its diaphragm is on its way out.
The other failure mode. A scaled or worn PRV closes down over time until the whole house feels weak.
What We Do
The valve, the pressure it is set to, and the expansion tank that goes with it.
How It Works
Often a couple of hours, including the expansion tank if one is needed.
Static and flowing readings at a hose bib, plus a check of the water heater relief valve and expansion tank.
Whether it can be adjusted, whether it is holding, and whether the pressure creeps overnight, which points at a failed diaphragm.
Adjustment, replacement or a new install, with the expansion tank included where required. Honored for 72 hours.
The new pressure is dialed in, the gauge goes back on, and you see the number before we leave.
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Most homeowners have never checked. A gauge and a licensed plumber will tell you in minutes.
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Home maintenance for $9.99 a month.
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Residential plumbing, fixtures and appliances are generally designed for pressure in the range of roughly 40 to 80 psi, and the plumbing code sets 80 psi as the ceiling, requiring a pressure reducing valve where the supply exceeds it. Most homeowners are comfortable somewhere in the middle of that range. Below the low end, showers feel weak and appliances fill slowly. Above the high end, everything wears out faster. You can check your own pressure with an inexpensive gauge that screws onto a hose bib, and if you have never done it, it is worth five minutes. Municipal pressure in parts of Austin and San Antonio comes in well above 80 psi, which is why so many homes here have a PRV whether the owner knows it or not.
The gauge is the certain way, but the house gives hints. Pipes that bang when the washing machine or dishwasher valve closes are the classic sign. A water heater relief valve that drips, faucet cartridges and toilet fill valves that fail every year or two, a burst washing machine hose, and taps that blast for a second when opened all point the same way. Pressure is often highest overnight, when neighborhood demand is lowest, so a gauge that reads fine at noon may read much higher at 3 a.m. On a service call we sometimes leave a gauge with a lazy hand on a hose bib overnight to catch the peak, which tells us whether the PRV is holding.
They wear out, and in Central Texas they wear out faster than the manufacturers might like, because hard water scales the internal seat and diaphragm. A PRV that has been in service for a decade or more is a candidate for replacement, and one in very hard water like San Antonio’s can fail sooner. The failure is usually gradual: the valve either lets more pressure through than it is set for, or it closes down and starves the house. Because a failing PRV can go either way, the only reliable check is a gauge reading compared with the valve’s setting. We check it during the annual plumbing safety inspection that comes with Care Club.
Look for a bell-shaped brass valve on the main water line, close to where it enters the house. On many Central Texas slab homes that is in the front yard near the hose bib closest to the meter, sometimes in a small box in the ground, or in the garage where the line comes up. It is usually near the main shutoff valve and, if the house has one, the backflow preventer for the irrigation system. Some homes never had a PRV installed, particularly older ones built before the local pressure rose or before the code required it. If you cannot find one and your pressure gauge reads high, that is worth a call, because the house is running on whatever the street delivers.